Thursday, September 3, 2020

Macbeth Essay Example for Free

Macbeth Essay Since the Mesopotamian time of 3000 B. C. numbers have been a fundamental piece of life and are handily found all through society, imbedded in religion, interweaved in folklore and normally related with odd notions. Indeed, even in the twenty-first century individuals despite everything have faith in antiquated numerical notions, for example, the fortunate number seven, or the unfortunate number thirteen. During the seventeenth century William Shakespeare utilizes cultural notions in his celebrated disaster, â€Å"Macbeth†, by writing in a triple abstract example. Shakespeare rehashes the number three by relating in to malevolence and murkiness all through the play, furnishing it with another eccentric significance. â€Å"Macbeth† follows the change of the title character from thane to ruler, normal to fiendish. In the wake of setting down two uprisings against the King of Scotland, Macbeth is granted title and favor with the charitable King Duncan. When welcomed by three puzzling witches, they forecast that Macbeth will be made Thane of Cawdor and in the end King of Scotland. They additionally prophesize that Banquo will bring forth a long queue of Scottish lords yet will never be best himself. Macbeth and Banquo treat their predictions warily until some of King Duncan’s men come to thank the two officers for their triumphs in fight and to disclose to Macbeth that he has undoubtedly been named thane of Cawdor. In endeavor to help the prescience, Macbeth kills the great Duncan and is delegated King of Scotland, however once his extraordinary objective to be the best is accomplished he starts to fear the prediction delivered to Banquo. In dread of being ousted from the seat Macbeth goes on an insane frenzy endeavoring to ensure his future while destroying his mental stability and brings upon himself his own end. While entrapping the triple scholarly example into a disastrous plot, William Shakespeare presents the presence of three phantoms, the three homicides, and the character decision of three witches to encourage underhanded at the nearness of the number three. Shakespeare turns the customary and conventional significance of three’s topsy turvy in act one, scene one when he starts to relate the number to malicious. Threes are generally identified with solidness and fulfillment; in religion there is God omniscient, inescapable and transcendent, in time there are three divisions, past, present and future, and three linguistic people me, myself and I. In a dim and unfavorable gathering, Shakespeare acquaints his crowd with three ladies who will keep on frequenting Macbeth all through the play: the three bizarre sisters. As the main characters the crowd has the joy of meeting, the witches set the state of mind for the whole play with a sense otherworldly as â€Å"instruments of darkness† (I. iii. 136). In the initial scene of the play each witch talks multiple times inside the initial eleven lines, the initial two being â€Å"When will we three meet again/In thunder, lightning, or in downpour? coupling three unwanted and compromising conditions, recommending tightening influences and impediments as these three things for the most part occur simultaneously. The triplet design starts with this, giving a misguided feeling of solidness until to the crowd until the witches express that what is â€Å"fair is foul, and foul is fair† (I. I. 12). This recommends the dependability of threes is really a joke and will bring prec ariousness and tumult. Prior to their gathering with Macbeth, the clench hand witch advises her sisters that she has arranged retribution against a mariner whose spouse wouldn't share her chestnuts. Through her portrayal of her arrangement, Shakespeare uncovers to his crowd that they gangs incredible force however with limits not at all like an instrument of destiny would have. She intends to ship through a â€Å"sieve† (I. iii. 9) to revile him yet she isn't ground-breaking enough to have him wrecked, just to have his boat â€Å"tempest-tossed† (I. iii. 26), demonstrating their cutoff points. As the principal witch clarifies her arrangement she talks in triplets, â€Å"I’ll do, I’ll do, and I’ll do† (I. iii. 11), to underscore her detestable goals. At the point when Macbeth and Banquo present themselves to the witches just minutes after the fact, they welcome Macbeth â€Å"All hail, Macbeth! Hail to thee, Thane of Glamis! /All hail, Macbeth! Hail to thee, Thane of Cawdor! /All hail, Macbeth, thou shalt be above all else from this point forward! † (I. iii. 51-53). Three welcome that appear to be so reasonable â€Å"of honorable having and of regal hope† (I. iii. 59) make certain to turn foul. The welcome copy the normal welcome of the New Testament, â€Å"All Hail† (Matthew 28. 9). In Matthew 26. 49, Judas plans to double-cross Jesus to the Sanhedrin and Roman officers. He will probably recognize Jesus by welcome him with a kiss so the fighters will realize which man to capture. Judas approaches Jesus, saying, Hail Master. The witches welcome Macbeth along these lines, and, as Judas deceived Jesus, so do the witches double-cross Macbeth. This reflecting correlation shows Shakespeare cutting all scriptural and blessed convictions in the number three, utilizing strict proof to dispense with that three is various soundness. Shakespeare even has his three witches talk in logical inconsistencies to make moral disarray and increment the nearness of abhorrent, for example, when the witches describe Banquo as â€Å"lesser than Macbeth, and greater† (I. iii. 68). In the wake of creating a lot of mischief, the witches vanquish, not to be seen again until the primary scene of the fourth demonstration. The sign to start their abhorrent spells is brought to the witches by three howls of a â€Å"brinded cat† (IV. I. 1). Once more, the witches alternate, talking in a triple example, proceeding and introducing a rhyming, triple explanation to open the demonstration; â€Å"Thrice the brinded feline hath mewd. /Thrice, and once the support pig cried. /Harpier cries â€Å"‘Tis time, ‘tis time† (IV. I. 1-3). While chipping away at composing mix the witches serenade around a cauldron, tossing in different things, alternating to include their commitments, isolating the fixings into three separate gatherings. At the point when Macbeth shows up to the sinkhole he welcomes the witches as â€Å"secret, dark, and 12 PM hags† (IV. I. 48), three negative portrayals trickling with detestable implications. The â€Å"weird sisters† (III. iv. 165) finish up the malevolent nearness inside triplet designs by introducing three secretive dreams or nebulous visions to Macbeth, so as to furnish him with a similar feeling of bogus security that the crowd had felt at first. With thunder thundering out of sight, Shakespeare pushes his fundamental character into different circumstances that would panic any individual â€Å"milk of human kindness† (I. v. 7). At the point when Macbeth is confronted with the three spirits they bring him reasonable sounding news that is destined to be damaging and â€Å"foul† (IV. iii. 28) due to the triple unsurprising example. At the point when the first of the three mysterious spirits appears to Macbeth as a gliding warhead, cautioning him to â€Å"beware Macduff† (IV. I. 81), Macbeth disregards it, definitely knowing this. At the point when the subsequent spirit shows up as a grisly kid, it reveals to Macbeth that no man conceived of a lady can do him hurt. This gives Macbeth incredible certainty: Then live Macduff: what need I dread of thee (IV. . 93). At long last, the third phantom shows up as a kid wearing a crown with holding a tree close by. This ghost is the one to mix Macbeth’s blood and scare him and makes them request to know the importance of the last vision. The youngster discloses to Macbeth that he â€Å"shall never be vanquished [†¦] until/Great Birnam Wood [comes] to high Dunsinane Hill† (IV. I. 105-106), an apparently incomprehensible undertaking, yet in the Shakespearean universe of three’s, things are not as they appear. This, giving Macbeth bogus secur ity, is trailed by a parade of eight delegated rulers all like the one preceding. The last lord conveys a mirror, demonstrating an apparently interminable ancestry of rulers, startling Macbeth into overbold, negligent nonsensicalness, in opposition to his past semi-nice conduct. The three nebulous visions all in still a misguided feeling of confidence in Macbeth however after Shakespeare’s triplet designs have caused only despondency during the play, the crowd can see through the prophetic fiends that go about as images, foretelling the manner in which the predictions will be satisfied. The warhead proposes a third defiance, the initial two put somewhere near Macbeth while the third is brought about by his deceptive routes in a new development that can possibly recommend that on the off chance that Macbeth hasn’t kicked the bucket the initial multiple times, at that point the third time’s the appeal. The grisly offspring of the subsequent vision is the picture of Macduff as a darling â€Å"from his mother’s belly/less than ideal rippd† (V. viii. 19-20), conveyed through cesarean segment. This minor detail that sidesteps Macbeth is the way in to his destruction, and gratitude to his obliviousness he accepts he is strong. The line of lords, push in Macbeth’s face is his last expectation, the completing blow. With the information that there will be men who â€Å"are too like the soul of Banquo† (IV. I. 127) Macbeth subliminally realizes that all expectation is lost to him, yet he sticks to the second ghosts discourse, asserting that he can't be hurt by any individual conceived of a lady. The awful three’s that Shakespeare traps into the apparition’s fate filled messages foresee the demise of Macbeth, yet in addition lead him to it. It is by his confidence, pride and desire that Macbeth accepts he will endure, hearing just what he wishes from the predictions. Since the predictions recommend he will be fine, Macbeth acknowledges it and accepts so without keeping an eye out for himself; he doesn't endeavor to forestall the defiance, nor does he remain in the château when he realizes he is an objective on the grounds that â€Å"none

Saturday, August 22, 2020

Look Under Description

With huge referencing to Allah in the different stories gathering The Arabian Nights, examination of story to the lessons of the Quran are a justified article for evaluation.â In the early on story, Story of King Shahryar and His Brother, the King finds his better half to be an adulteress and chooses to give to her discipline by execution. With his sibling having endured the equivalent through the activities of his own significant other, the lord infers that all ladies are not to be trusted and that the world would profit through having a less number of them.â because of this purpose, he focuses on wedding one virgin a night, taking her to his bed, and afterward having her slaughtered in the morning.â This training proceeds for years.â Sura 24, Al-NÃ¥ «r, of the Quran offers a magnificent establishment to find if the activities in the story concur with the sets of principles educated in Islam regarding women’s job in marriage and in the public eye. Deliberately checking on the Sura, one may infer that no complete variety is expressed between women’s cultural job and that of men.  However, her job of being a lady and what that implies in regard to securing herself and her purity is addressed.â Instruction is given to men to â€Å"restrain their looks and gatekeeper their senses† (24:31-32).â This guidance is offered additionally to ladies, with the option of concealing their excellence and embellishments from those outside of indicated people, expressing that the magnificence and enhancements of a lady are held for her better half. They are not to be worried about demonstrating themselves to the individuals who either are too youthful to even consider understanding the connection among man and lady, or people outside of the family who have no longing for ladies (24:31-32).â In the Story of King Shahryar and His Brother, the king’s spouses are discussed as being beautiful.â It doesn't make reference to how they are dressed, yet the impression is made that they are not secured as educated by the Quran.â This isn't to propose that the inability to cover is cause for their death, however a straightforward perception. The activities of the more youthful sibling, King of Samarkand, are an undeniable and unmitigated disobedience to Islamic guideline in agreement to Sura 24.â While the seeing of a spouse submitting infidelity by the husband alone is proof for discipline, he should â€Å"bear witness multiple times for the sake of Allah that he is coming clean, and a fifth time that Allah’s revile arrive on the off chance that he lies† (24:7-11).â This more youthful sibling willingly volunteered to kill his significant other, and referenced nothing of the circumstance to anybody until he discussed it to his sibling some time later.â Though the oldest King, King Shahryar, was not the sole observer to his wife’s sin, his discipline of homicide isn't the taught punishment. Notwithstanding, it isn't this homicide, however the numerous that occurred every day from that point, related to the terms of course of action, which posture such a logical inconsistency to Sura 24.â A man and a lady are to be organized in marriage (24:33-35).â Again, this reflects equity between the genders, as both are under the equivalent instruction.â In the story, this masterminded marriage is seen routinely between the King and his daily bride.â The distinction being that in the story, these ladies were given to him out of dread by their families.â This marriage plan was by the lord more so than by the woman’s controlling figures. There are similitudes between Story of King Shahryar and His Brother and the Quran, in any case, the distinctions are more severe.â It would be a demonstration of obliviousness to take any of the tales from The Arabian Nights and use them as a marker of Islam and the lessons of the Quran.â This story didn't precisely reflect what a marriage is in Islam, nor did it make reference to a woman’s job either in marriage, in the public arena, or in self.â The story delineates a lady as someone who can be relegated and parted with much in the manner you would allocate or part with material property.â Such a story doesn't resound the exercises of Islam discovered Sura 24, or of Islam all in all. References Burton, R. (1850). The Arabian Nights Khan, MZ. (1997) The Qur’an: Arabic content with another interpretation by Muhammad Zafrulla KhanI. Brooklyn: Olive Branch Press

Friday, August 21, 2020

William Henry Harrison, U.S. General and President

William Henry Harrison, U.S. General and President William Henry Harrison (February 9, 1773â€April 4, 1841) was a U.S. military officer and the ninth leader of the United States. He drove American powers during the Northwest Indian War and the War of 1812. Harrisons time in the White House was brief, as he kicked the bucket around one month into his term of typhoid fever. Quick Facts: William Henry Harrison Known For: Harrison was the ninth leader of the United States.Born: February 9, 1773 in Charles City County, Virginia ColonyParents: Benjamin Harrison Vâ and Elizabeth Bassett HarrisonDied: April 4, 1841 in Washington, D.C.Education: University of PennsylvaniaSpouse: Anna Tuthill Symmes Harrison (m. 1795-1841)Children: Elizabeth, John, William, Lucy, Benjamin, Mary, Carter, Anna Early Life Conceived at Berkeley Plantation, Virginia, on February 9, 1773, William Henry Harrison was the child of Benjamin Harrison V and Elizabeth Bassett (he was the last United States president to be conceived before the American Revolution). An agent to the Continental Congress and endorser of the Declaration of Independence, the senior Harrison later filled in as legislative leader of Virginia and utilized his political associations with guarantee that his child got appropriate instruction. Subsequent to being coached at home for quite a long while, William Henry was sent to Hampden-Sydney College at age 14 to contemplate history and the works of art. At his dads request, he enlisted at the University of Pennsylvania in 1790 to contemplate medication under Dr. Benjamin Rush. Be that as it may, Harris didn't locate the clinical calling just as he would prefer. At the point when his dad kicked the bucket in 1791, Harrison was left without cash for tutoring. Subsequent to learning of his circumstance, Governor Henry Light-Horse Harry Lee III of Virginia urged the youngster to join the military. Harrison was charged as an ensign in the first U.S. Infantry and sent to Cincinnati for administration in the Northwest Indian War. He substantiated himself a capable official and was elevated to lieutenant the next June and turned into a confidant to Major General Anthony Wayne. Taking in order abilities from the skilled Pennsylvanian, Harrison partook in Waynes 1794 triumph over the Western Confederacy at the Battle of Fallen Timbers. This triumph viably concluded the war; Harrison was among the individuals who marked the 1795 Treaty of Greenville. Outskirts Post In 1795, Harrison met Anna Tuthill Symmes, the little girl of Judge John Cleves Symmes. A previous volunteer army colonel and agent to the Continental Congress from New Jersey, Symmes had become an unmistakable figure in the Northwest Territory. At the point when Judge Symmes declined Harrisons solicitation to wed Anna, the couple ran off and marry on November 25. They would at last have 10 youngsters, one of whom, John Scott Harrison, would be the dad of future president Benjamin Harrison. Harrison surrendered his bonus on June 1, 1798, and battled for a post in the regional government. These endeavors demonstrated fruitful and he was designated Secretary of the Northwest Territory on June 28, 1798, by President John Adams. During his residency, Harrison much of the time filled in as acting representative when Governor Arthur St. Clair was missing. Harrison was named the territorys representative to Congress the next March. In spite of the fact that he couldn't cast a ballot, Harrison served on a few Congressional councils and assumed a key job in opening the region to new pilgrims. With the development of the Indiana Territory in 1800, Harrison left Congress to acknowledge an arrangement as the locales senator. Subsequent to moving to Vincennes, Indiana, in January 1801, he fabricated a chateau named Grouseland and attempted to get the title to Native American terrains. After two years, President Thomas Jefferson approved Harrison to finish up settlements with the Native Americans. During his residency, Harrison finished up 13 arrangements which saw the exchange of more than 60,000,000 sections of land of land. Harrison likewise started campaigning for a suspension of Article 6 of the Northwest Ordinance with the goal that servitude would be allowed in the region. Harrisons demands were denied by Washington. Tippecanoe Campaign In 1809, strains with Native Americans started to expand following the Treaty of Fort Wayne, which saw the Miami sell land that was possessed by the Shawnee. The next year, the Shawnee siblings Tecumseh and Tenskwatawa (The Prophet) came to Grouseland to request that the settlement be ended. After they were can't, the siblings started attempting to frame a confederation to square white development. To contradict this, Harrison was approved by Secretary of War William Eustis to raise a military as a demonstration of power. Harrison walked against the Shawnee while Tecumseh was away energizing his clans. Digging in close to the clans base, Harrisons armed force involved a solid position flanked by Burnett Creek on the west and a lofty feign toward the east. Because of the quality of the landscape, Harrison chose not to sustain the camp. This position was assaulted on the morning of November 7, 1811. The following Battle of Tippecanoe saw his men turn around rehashed attacks before driving off the Native Americans with decided black powder gun discharge and a charge by the armys dragoons. In the wake of his triumph, Harrison turned into a national saint. With the episode of the War of 1812 the next June, Tecumsehs War became subsumed into the bigger clash as the Native Americans favored the British. War of 1812 The war on the wilderness started lamentably for the Americans with the loss of Detroit in August 1812. After this thrashing, the American order in the Northwest was redesigned and after a few quarrels about position, Harrison was made authority of the Army of the Northwest on September 17, 1812. Subsequent to being elevated to significant general, Harrison worked perseveringly to change his military from an undeveloped crowd into a trained battling power. Unfit to go into all out attack mode while British boats controlled Lake Erie, Harrison attempted to protect American settlements and requested the development of Fort Meigs along the Maumee River in northwest Ohio. In late April, he safeguarded the fortification during an endeavored attack by British powers drove by Major General Henry Proctor. In late September 1813, after the American triumph at the Battle of Lake Erie, Harrison moved to the assault. Carried to Detroit by Master Commandant Oliver H. Perrys successful unit, Harrison recovered the settlement before starting a quest for British and Native American powers under Proctor and Tecumseh. Harrison won a key triumph at the Battle of the Thames, which saw Tecumseh murdered and the war on the Lake Erie front adequately finished. Despite the fact that a talented and well known leader, Harrison surrendered the accompanying summer after conflicts with Secretary of War John Armstrong. Political Career In the years following the war, Harrison helped in finishing up bargains with the Native Americans, served a term in Congress (1816â€1819), and invested energy in the Ohio state senate (1819â€1821). Chosen for the U.S. Senate in 1824, he slice his term short to acknowledge an arrangement as minister to Colombia. There, Harrison addressed Simon Bolivar on the benefits of majority rules system. In 1836, Harrison was drawn nearer by the Whig Party to run for president. Accepting they would be not able to vanquish the well known Democrat Martin Van Buren, the Whigs ran numerous competitors wanting to drive the political race to be settled in the House of Representatives. In spite of the fact that Harrison drove the Whig ticket in many states, the arrangement fizzled, and Van Buren was chosen. After four years, Harrison came back to presidential governmental issues and drove a brought together Whig ticket. Crusading with John Tyler under the motto Tippecanoe and Tyler Too, Harrison underlined his military record while accusing the discouraged economy for Van Buren. Advanced as a straightforward frontiersman, in spite of his refined Virginia roots, Harrison had the option to handily vanquish the more elitist Van Buren. Demise Harrison made the vow of office on March 4, 1841. In spite of the fact that it was a cold and wet day, he wore neither a cap nor coat as he read his two-hour debut address. He became sick with a virus on March 26, not long after getting down to business. While prevalent misconception accuses this ailment for his delayed debut discourse, there is little proof to help this hypothesis. The virus immediately transformed into pneumonia and pleurisy, and regardless of the best endeavors of his primary care physicians, Harrison passed on April 4, 1841. Inheritance At age 68, Harrison was the most established U.S. president to be confirmed preceding Ronald Reagan. He served the briefest term of any president (one month). His grandson Benjamin Harrison was chosen president in 1888. Sources Collins, Gail. William Henry Harrison. Times Books, 2012.Doak, Robin S. William Henry Harrison. Compass Point Books, 2004.

Thursday, June 18, 2020

Eid Mubarak †The Islamic Holiday - Free Essay Example

Countless Muslims around the globe are actually commemorating the theological holiday, Eid al-Adha, or even the festival of the sacrifice. While identical to an additional Islamic holiday, Eid al-Fitr, which commemorates completion of Ramadan, Eid al-Adha possesses its personal definition as well as customs. What is actually Eid al-Adha? The holiday season commemorates the astrologer Ibrahim and also his steady confidence to God. Depending on to an account in the Quran, God involves Ibrahim in an aspiration and also regulates him to compromise his child as a show of accordance. As the astrologer will dedicate the show, God quits him and also changes his kid along with a lambs or even a ram. Eid al-Adha likewise represents completion of Hajj, a five-day trip that cleans the heart of transgressions and also inspires a feeling of high quality and also league one of the Muslim area, specified Al-Jazeera. Throughout the final 3 times of Hajj, male sojourners are actually demanded to cut their crowns and also take out the white colored garments put on throughout the expedition, while girls removed a hair of hair as an indication of metaphysical renewal. Muslims that are actually solvent are actually assumed to join the trip a minimum of the moment in their life-time, as it comprises among the 5 columns of Islam. Eid al-Adha is actually commemorated certainly not just in between East, however partly of Asia, Africa, Europe as well as North America. How is Eid al-Adha celebrated? The time starts along with early morning requests. During the course of this moment, numerous Muslims journey to the divine urban area of Mecca, where they cycle a cube-shaped item contacted the Kaaba to commend God during the course of the 5 regular requests. The Kaaba stands for Gods property as well as the uniformity of God in the religious beliefs. Observing the very same idea as the Quranic account, Eid al-Adha is actually noted along with the reparation of a pet, along with lambs, cows, or even goats prevailing selections. The meat product is actually at that point circulated to loved ones, next-door neighbors as well as the bad. The events proceed along with brows through to friends and family and also treats, along with youngsters getting presents including amount of money and also brand-new garments, disclosed CNN. The time is actually additionally an opportunity when family members give away to the inadequate as well as check out the tombs of their really loved ones. How long does Eid al-Adha last? While Muslims in nations like the United States, Canada, Saudi Arabia as well as Egypt commemorated the holiday on Sunday, various other nations featuring Lebanon, Iraq, India and also the United Kingdom will certainly start celebrating on Monday. The beginning of the festivity depends upon the glimpse of the brand new moon. The four-day holiday season is going to finish Wednesday for some nations, and also Thursday for others. Assistance on social network sites Depending on to the Pew Research Center, there were actually 1.8 billion Muslims around the world since 2015. Along with the local area Detroit place possessing among the best attention of Arab-Americans in the nation, neighborhoods including Dearborn as well as Dearborn Heights are actually identifying Eid al-Adha on social media sites.

Monday, May 18, 2020

Health And Wellness Is Sleep Disorders - 931 Words

The topic that comes to mind when I think about health and wellness is sleep disorders. This is because my mom struggled with a sleep disorder called narcolepsy for some time. The matter that I would specify as my research problem is: â€Å"How living with narcolepsy affects quality of life†. This is a precise subject that outlines an area of interest to me that I would like to learn more about. My original idea was sleep disorders, and I narrowed it down to a specific disorder. After that, I made it even more precise by pinpointing a specific idea in regards to this topic. I would begin searching for sources for this research topic on the Herzing University website in the library section. This library has several reliable databases that can be used to search for foundations of information. Several of these databases include â€Å"health†, â€Å"medical†, or â€Å"wellness† right in the title. It would be wise to use these databases to search for information about this specific topic rather than a more general database because the more precise databases will usually give more accurate results. It is important to remember what make a source great, and what makes a source not reliable at all. A technological subject that interests me is television use in young children. I have a two year old niece, and my sister hardly lets her watch television. She is brilliant as she knows the alphabet, numbers, speaks quite fluently, is already training to use the bathroom on her own, and even knows what theShow MoreRelatedShift Work, Sleep Disorders, Health And Safety1409 Words   |  6 PagesSHIFT WORK, SLEEP DISORDERS, HEALTH AND SAFETY IN POLICE OFFICERS Police work has demanding schedules characterized by long hours, recurrent night shifts and significant overtime. 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Wednesday, May 6, 2020

‘’Where Are You Going Where Have You Been” - 1341 Words

INTRODUCTION: â€Å"Where Are You Going Where Have You Been?† by Joyce Carol, showcases the inevitable effects of youthful exuberance in a teenage girl. The story is a compelling tale which unveils the vulnerability of Connie, a young teenage girl who could barely substantiate fantasy from reality. She prides herself as a pretty girl who understands the basic principles of life. Her encounter with Arnold Friend reveals her as someone who lacks the mental ability to make meaningful decisions and accurate when necessary. Her desire for attention and frivolities facilitates in subjecting her as a victim of a wicked and complex world. She is obsessed with her beauty; her desire for boys and attention makes her pride herself as a â€Å"paragon of†¦show more content†¦The young man smiles and says to her, â€Å"I ain’t late, am I†, Connie responds telling him that she does not know him. She likes his dress sense, but she plays down notions of being interested in him. She i s careful to shows no pleasure and tells him continuously that she doesn’t know him. He gets off his car and points to the word painted on the door of his gold convertible car. The word reads; ARNOLD FRIEND, which was written nest to a â€Å"grinning face that reminded Connie of a pumpkin, except it wore sunglasses.† With Arnold Friend is another weird looking fellow who hangs up his radio up his shoulder and stares at the unknown. He introduces him as Ellie Oscar. He also points to a secret code to her; but she makes nothing out of it. She laughs at the word written at the left rear fender which has been smashed; which reads â€Å"DONE BY CRAZY WOMAN DRIVER. He is delighted to make her laugh. He startles her when he calls her by name and demands that she hops into the car for a trilling ride with him. Connie tells him she is busy with domestic activity. He draws an X sign in the air asks her if she knows what the sign entails. Connie thinks she recognizes the sign b ut does not recall how or from were. When Arnold took off his glasses, she notices he is advance in age; and demands to know how old he is; he stops grinning and says he is the same age as her or a little older than her. She immediately knows he is not saying the truth.

Attachment Theory by John Bowlby and Mary Ainworth free essay sample

Psychologist John Bowlby believed that childhood development depended upon a child’s ability to form a good strong relationship with at least one caregiver, this would usually be the parents. Bowlby’s studies led him to believe that a strong attachment provides the necessary sense of security but he found that those without such relationships in place were fearful and less willing to learn from new experiences unlike those who have strong parental relationships to encourage new and adventurous experiences. Mary Ainsworth developed many of the ideas set out by Bowlby in her studies. She identified the existence of what she calls â€Å"attachment behaviour† which demonstrated by insecure children hoping to establish or re-establish and attachment to absent parents. Mary Ainsworth studied a broad range of children from good strong attachments to very weak attachments. The children were separated from their parents and their reactions were observed, the children with strong attachments stayed calm and seemed secure enough to know that their parents would be back soon, whereas the children with the weaker attachments would be insecure and cry and show signs of distress until their parents returned. Mary Ainsworth agrees with John Bowlby’s theories that a good strong healthy attachment is vital for the individuals physical development. (psychologistworld. com) JEAN PIAGET – COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT Jean Piaget became interested with the reasons children gave for their wrong answers on questions that required logical thinking. He believed that these wrong answers revealed the differences between the think of adults and children. He was the first psychologist to make studies of cognitive development. His theories of intellectual child development include observational studies, intelligence in children and a series of simple test to reveal different intellectual abilities. The goal of Jean Piaget’s theories was to explain how a child develops into an individual who can reason and think for themselves. Piaget believed that children think differently to adults and that children go through 4 universal stages of intellectual development, and that development is biologically based and changes as the child matures. Intelligence develops in children in the in the same sequence and believed that these stages are universal, i. e, the same sequence of development occurs in children all over the world what ever their culture. Piaget’s theories did not completely relate to education but is based upon biological maturity. Researchers have explained how Piaget’s theories can be applied to education and teaching. Piaget was extremely influential in developing the educational policy and teaching, i. e. a review of primary education by the UK government in 1966 was based on Piaget’s theories and as a result of this review led to the publication of the Plowden report in 1967. Because Piaget’s theories are based upon biological maturity and stages the notion of â€Å"readiness† important, meaning that children should not be taught certain concepts until they have reached the appropriate stages of intellectual development. (simplypsychology. org) ERIK ERIKSON – PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT Erik Erikson was an ego psychologist who emphasised the role of culture and society and the conflict that can take place within the ego itself. According to Erikson the ego develops as it successfully solves crises that are distinctly social in nature, these involve a sense of trust in others, developing an identity in society and help the next generation prepare for the future. Erikson proposed a lifespan model of development, taking in five stages up to the age of 18 years and three further stages beyond, well into adulthood. Erikson suggests that there is still plenty of room for continued growth and development throughout one’s life. Erikson put a great deal of emphasis on the adolescent period, feeling it was a crucial stage for developing a person’s identity. Like Freud and many others, Erik Erikson maintained that personality develops in a predetermined order, and build upon each previous stage. The outcome of this maturation timetable is a wide and integrated set of life skills and abilities that function together within the autonomous individual. However, Instead of focusing on sexual development (like Freud), he was interested in how children socialize and how this affects their sense of self. Erikson assumes that a crises occurs at each stage of development. For Erikson, these crises are of a psychosocial in nature because they involve psychological needs of the individual conflicting with the needs of society. Erikson acknowledges his theory is more a descriptive overview of human social and emotional development that does not adequately show how or why this development occurs. For example, Erikson does not explicitly explain how the outcome of one psychosocial stages influence personality at a later stage. One of the strengths of Eriksons theory is it ability to tie together important psychosocial development across the entire lifespan. Although support for Eriksons stages of personality development exists (McAdams, 1999), critics of his theory provide evidence suggesting a lack of discrete stages of personality development (Costa and McCrae, 1997). (simplypsychology. org)